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  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementBase::execute($args = [], $options = []) should either be compatible with PDOStatement::execute(?array $params = null): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2244 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /html/drupal/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in drupal_random_bytes() (line 2268 of /html/drupal/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::__wakeup() should either be compatible with DateTime::__wakeup(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /html/drupal/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::format($format, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::format(string $format): string, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /html/drupal/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::setTimezone($tz, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::setTimezone(DateTimeZone $timezone): DateTime, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /html/drupal/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $base_table declared before required parameter $options is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 3492 of /html/drupal/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $base_field declared before required parameter $options is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 3492 of /html/drupal/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in url_is_external() (line 2393 of /html/drupal/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in url_is_external() (line 2395 of /html/drupal/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in url() (line 2311 of /html/drupal/includes/common.inc).

Participation Paradox

A number of uncomfortable paradoxes hinder the full cooperation relationship between citizens and local governments. There are several obstacles in the interactions between citizens and local governments. Those are persistent and have the form of a paradox, an apparent contradiction. Paradoxes are tough and maintain problems. A natural immune response would be to ignore them. We advocate a different approach. Embrace the uncomfortable paradox as the beginning of your participation-ambition and play with it, in a co-creation process between citizens and government. It is our experience that the mutual understanding increases and in many cases people will find unexpected solutions. Commissioned by the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations in The Netherlands we created the Partipation Paradox Atelier. Therefore, we had a look at three trendsetting municipalities, supplemented with a research in 15 other municipalities and corporations which were visited in the project called Mayborhood. By embracing the participation paradoxes an important step is taken to pursuit the necessary full relationship between the decision-making government and the participating citizen. The Participation Paradox Studio is developed by IsOok, Twynstra Gudde and Studio Goudswaard.

Netherlands